Climate change (Melting of the ice cap; Ursus maritimus; Atmospheric pollution)

Climate change Background info: Anthropogenic climate change or global warming is the fact greenhouse gas emissions generated by human activities, altering the composition of the atmosphere of the planet.

Volcanoes (Etna, Italy; Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Krakatoa, Indonesia)

Volcanoes (Mount Vesuvius, Italy) Background info: Erta Ale, Ethiopia

Prehistoric human

Prehistoric human Background info: The evolutionary history of the human lineage is the evolutionary process leading to the appearance of the genus Homo, then of Homo sapiens and of the modern Man. The first documented representative of the genus Homo is Homo rudolfensis, which occurs about 2.4 million years ago in East Africa.

Minerals (Uvarovite; Tourmaline; Spessartine; Kyanite)

Minerals (Scapolite) Background info: Kyanite, Tourmaline

Orchids (Maxillaria tenuifolia; Dendrobium hristyanum; Bulbophyllum affine; Phalaenopsis amabilis)

Orchids (Dendrobium linguiforme) Background info: Dendrobium lindleyi

Bees (Andrena fulva; Xylocopa varipuncta; Bombus lapidarius; Xylocopa violacea)

Bees (Apis mellifera) Background info: Andrena denticulate, At least 20,000 species of bees are listed on the planet. The majority of bees do not produce honey, they feed on the nectar of flowers. A winter bee can live up to 10 months, while a summer bee can live up to 1 month.

Spiders (Nephila maculata; Haplopelma lividum; Brachypelma smithi; Damon diadema)

Spiders (Latrodectus Hesperus) Background info: Lycosa aragogi

Ants (Camponotus gigas; Lasius niger; Formica rufa; Oecophylla smaragdina)

Ants (Formica rufa) Background info: Camponotus vagus

90th anniversary of Tigran Petrosian (Tigran Petrosian (1929–1984), Mikhail Botvinnik (1911–1995); Boris Spassky)

90th anniversary of Tigran Petrosian (Tigran Petrosian (1929–1984), Bobby Fischer (1943–2008))

135th memorial anniversary of Paul Morphy (Lewis Elkin and Paul Morphy (1837–1884) in 1857)

135th memorial anniversary of Paul Morphy (Paul Morphy (1837–1884))

Table tennis (Xu Xin; Jan-Ove Waldner; Timo Boll; Koki Niwa)

Table tennis (Ma Long) Background info: Fan Zhendong, Zhang Jike, Liu Shiwen

140th anniversary of Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein (1879–1955))

140th anniversary of Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein (1879–1955))

200th memorial anniversary of James Watt (James Watt (1736–1819); Watt steam engine; Watt's linkage; Centrifugal governor; Newcomen atmospheric engine)

200th memorial anniversary of James Watt (James Watt (1736–1819)) Background info: Watt steam engine

Timothy Ray Brown, the first person to have been cured of AIDS (Timothy Ray Brown “Patient of Berlin”; Dr. Keith Jerome; Dr. Gero Hütter; Dr. Hans-Peter Kiem; Dr. Michael Gottlieb)

Timothy Ray Brown, the first person to have been cured of AIDS (Timothy Ray Brown) Background info: Dr. Michael Gottlieb and Timothy Ray Brown

Unesco World Heritage (Acropolis of Athens, Greece; Machu Picchu, Peru; Prambanan Temple, Indonesia; Great Wall, China)

Unesco World Heritage (Taj Mahal, India) Background info: Acropolis of Athens, Greece; Athena, goddess of wisdom, military strategy, craftsmen, artists and schoolmasters

85th anniversary of Brigitte Bardot

85th anniversary of Brigitte Bardot